Description
Refrigerated shipping containers (reefers) are insulated, temperature-controlled units designed to transport and store perishable goods at precise temperatures. Unlike standard containers, they feature integrated refrigeration systems, robust insulation, and advanced climate control technology.
How Reefers Work: Core Components
1. Refrigeration Unit
Self-contained system mounted on one end (usually front)
Powered by three-phase electrical supply (440V/60Hz is common) or an integrated diesel generator
Capable of cooling down to -30°C (-22°F) and heating when needed
Includes digital controller for temperature programming
2. Insulation & Structure
Polyurethane foam insulation in walls, floor, and ceiling
T-shaped floor with channels for cold air circulation
Hermetically sealed doors with dual gaskets
Stainless steel interior for hygiene and corrosion resistance
3. Air Circulation System
Bottom air delivery through floor channels
Top air return through ceiling
Creates a consistent temperature blanket around cargo
Key Specifications
| Feature | Typical Specifications |
|---|---|
| Standard Sizes | 20ft (≈28-30m³ capacity) and 40ft (≈58-66m³ capacity) |
| Temperature Range | -30°C to +30°C (-22°F to +86°F) |
| Power Requirements | 440V/60Hz/3-phase (standard); generator options available |
| Insulation | 75-100mm polyurethane foam (R-value ~R-30) |
| Controls | Digital microprocessor with data logging |
Primary Applications
Transport & Storage of:
Food Products: Fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, seafood
Pharmaceuticals: Vaccines, medicines requiring cold chain
Floral Products: Cut flowers, plants
Chemicals: Temperature-sensitive materials
Emergency Use: Mobile morgues, temporary food banks
Common Industries:
Agriculture & Fisheries: Harvest season overflow, processing
Food Distribution: Temporary storage during logistics delays
Event Management: Mobile refrigeration for large events
Medical: COVID-19 vaccine storage, medical supply chains
Used vs. New Reefers: Considerations
Used Reefers (Most Common Purchase)
Advantages:
50-70% cost savings vs. new units
Immediately available from shipping fleet turnover
Often recently reconditioned with updated components
What to Inspect:
Compressor hours (like mileage on a car)
Condition of evaporator and condenser coils
Insulation integrity – check for cold spots or moisture
Door seal effectiveness – test with dollar bill method
Control system functionality – can it hold set temperature?
Structural rust, especially around door frames and floor
Typical Lifespan: 10-15 years in shipping, then 10+ more years in static storage with proper maintenance
New Reefers
When to Consider:
For critical pharmaceutical storage requiring certified performance
When warranty and reliability are paramount
For heavy-use commercial applications where downtime is costly
Operating Considerations
Power Requirements
Most require 3-phase power – check your facility’s capability
Generator sets available for remote locations
Energy consumption: 3-7 kW when running (cycles on/off)
Site Preparation
Level concrete pad with proper drainage
Adequate clearance (1m/3ft minimum) around unit for airflow
Electrical connection by qualified electrician
Accessibility for delivery (often requires crane)
Maintenance Essentials
Regular condenser cleaning (monthly in dusty environments)
Door gasket inspection and replacement when hardened
Defrost system verification
Data log review for temperature excursions
Cost Factors
| Type | Price Range (USD) | Key Determinants |
|---|---|---|
| Used 20ft Reefer | $8,000 – $15,000 | Age, compressor hours, cosmetic condition |
| Used 40ft Reefer | $12,000 – $25,000 | Refrigeration brand, insulation test results |
| New 20ft Reefer | $25,000 – $40,000 | Temperature range, features, brand |
| New 40ft Reefer | $35,000 – $60,000 | Advanced controls, certifications |
Additional Costs:
Delivery & crane service: $500 – $2,000
Electrical hookup: $1,000 – $3,000
Generator set (if needed): $3,000 – $8,000
Annual maintenance: $500 – $1,500
Critical Questions Before Purchase
“What are the compressor hours?” (Under 15,000 is good for used units)
“Has it been pressure tested for insulation integrity?”
“What’s the service history? Any major component replacements?”
“Does it come with a performance guarantee?” (e.g., holds set temp for 24 hours)
“Are all controller functions working, including alarms and data logging?”
“Is the T-floor intact and clean?” (Replacement is very expensive)
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
❌ Assuming single-phase power – most reefers require 3-phase
❌ Ignoring delivery logistics – reefers are heavier and require careful handling
❌ Overlooking insulation degradation – moisture absorption reduces efficiency
❌ Buying without performance testing – always test under load if possible
❌ Underestimating operating costs – refrigeration is energy-intensive
Best Practices for Static Storage Use
Install temperature alarms with remote notification
Implement routine defrost cycles even if manual
Keep detailed temperature logs for compliance (food/pharma)
Consider a backup generator for critical applications
Place on proper foundation to prevent floor damage and ensure drainage
Conclusion
Refrigerated containers offer turnkey, mobile cold storage at a fraction of permanent facility costs. For most businesses, a reconditioned used reefer provides the best value, offering years of reliable service.
The key to success lies in:
Thorough inspection focusing on refrigeration performance
Proper site preparation and electrical setup
Regular maintenance to extend service life
Final Recommendation: Purchase from a specialized reefer supplier rather than a general container company. They understand the technical aspects and can provide meaningful performance guarantees and after-sales service for the refrigeration system.
